The detailed images of the cities were taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station. Roadmap and day satellite images, obtained from different sources, are also available for reference. While the original image consisted of 87.970 images, the map from 2012 comprises 349.525 images, therefore adding a grand total of 437.495 images for this map. The original image from 2000 was created by NASA using data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)'s Operational Linescan System (OLS), originally designed to view clouds by moonlight.This satellite uses the “day-night band” of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), which detects light in a range of wavelengths from green to near-infrared and uses filtering techniques to observe dim signals such as gas flares, auroras, wildfires, city lights, and reflected moonlight. It took over nine days in April 2012 and thirteen days in October 2012, during 312 orbits at 824 kilometers (512 miles) to capture the whole Earth. The main image of the Earth at night (2012) was captured by NASA using the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite.Two versions of the images are available: It presents a captivating view of Earth's light pollution and serves as a reminder of the complex relationship between human activity, population distribution, and the natural environment. In addition to its informational value, the Night Earth map is aesthetically pleasing, allowing us to appreciate the planet's beauty from a unique perspective. Similarly, the interior jungles of Africa and South America, deserts in various parts of the world, and the remote boreal forests of Canada and Russia all exhibit limited illumination, reflecting the challenges faced by people in these regions when it comes to accessing electricity and infrastructure. Antarctica emerges as a completely dark expanse, reminding us of its isolation and otherworldly beauty. Moreover, the Night Earth map uncovers the vast expanses of our planet that remain thinly populated and unlit. The map visually portrays this phenomenon, offering insights into the patterns of human settlement and development. While certain regions may appear to be the brightest, they may not necessarily be the most heavily populated. One of the map's notable features is its ability to highlight the differences between brightness and population density. It showcases the stark contrasts in urbanization and population density around the world, demonstrating how cities tend to concentrate along coastlines and transportation networks. By providing a visual representation of the Earth's surface at night, the map reveals the areas that are brightly lit and urbanized, as well as those that remain unlit and remote. Total destruction of buildings and facilities.The Night Earth map is a fascinating tool that allows us to explore and understand the impact of light pollution on our planet. Mass destruction of buildings ġ2 (total) – changes of the relief on a large scale.
Through the accumulation of rubble, lakes can form in the river valleys ġ1 (catastrophic) – numerous cracks on the surface of the earth, large avalanches in the mountains. Cracks in the ground up to 1 m wide, avalanches, landslides. The rate of increase of the cracks can be up to 2 cm/s ġ0 (destructive) – collapse of many buildings In others – serious damage. Landslides, collapse and falling debris into the mountains. Landslides and cracks up to a few centimeters on mountain slopes ĩ (devastating) – burglary of some buildings, falling walls, dividing walls and roofs. ħ (very strong) – significant damage to buildings Cracks in the plaster and breaking of individual pieces, thin cracks on the walls, cracks of chimneys Cracks in the foundations Ĩ (destructive) – destruction in buildings: large cracks on the walls, falling cornices and chimneys.
#WORLD TIME ZONE MAP 3D WINDOWS#
An earthquake of magnitude 2 is subtle until the magnitude 7 is the lower limit of destructive earthquakes that cover large areas.ġ (undetectable) – only indicated by special devices Ģ (very low) – only felt by very sensitive pets and people in the upper floors of tall buildings ģ (low) – feels only in some buildings, like the vibration of a truck Ĥ (moderate) – the earthquake is felt by many people It is possible to balance open windows and doors ĥ (strong note) – shaking of hanging objects, noise in construction, window breakage, dust blowing Ħ (strong) – slight damage to construction of buildings, cracks in plaster, etc. Thus, the increase is a degree of magnitude of the 32-fold increase in the released seismic energy. The most popular scale of energy evaluation in earthquakes is the local scale of the Richter magnitude.
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